Low-cost carrier business model practices include: * a single passenger class * a single type of aeroplane (commonly the Airbus A320 or Boeing 737 families), reducing training and servicing costs * a minimum set of optional equipment on the aeroplane, further reducing costs of acquisition and maintenance, as well as keeping the weight of the aircraft lower and thus saving fuel: o no AVOD etc.; often excluding conveniences such as ACARS and autothrottle o no in-flight entertainment systems made available o no seat recliners, seat pockets, window blinds or seat headrest covers * a simple fare scheme, such as charging one-way tickets half that of round-trips (typically fares increase as the plane fills up, which rewards early reservations) * flying to cheaper, less congested secondary airports and flying early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid air traffic delays and take advantage of lower landing fees * fast turnaround times (allowing maximum use of aircraft) * unreserved seating (encouraging passengers to board early and quickly, thus further decreasing turnaround times) * simplified routes, emphasizing point-to-point transit instead of transfers at hubs (again enhancing aircraft use and eliminating disruption due to delayed passengers or luggage missing connecting flights) * encourage the use of direct flights. Luggage is not automatically transferred from one flight to another, even if both flights are with the same company. * generation of ancillary revenue from a variety of activities, such as a la carte features and commission-based products * emphasis on direct sales of tickets, especially over the Internet (avoiding fees and commissions paid to travel agents and computer reservations systems) * employees working in multiple roles, for instance flight attendants also cleaning the aircraft or working as gate agents (limiting personnel costs) * a disinclination to handle Special Service passengers, for instance by placing a higher age limit on unaccompanied minors[1] than full service carriers * aggressive fuel hedging programs * avoiding using jetways to board and alight passengers by using a mobile stairway which is a cheaper alternative. * not supplying meals in a flight, but offering snacks, sandwiches and drinks instead to purchase on board